Electric vehicle and rickshaw safety and regulatory compliance: full chain protection from collision testing to operational supervision

Keywords: electric vehicles, human powered vehicles, safety technology, collision testing, regulatory compliance, operational supervision

abstract

Safety is the core of electric vehicle and rickshaw design. This article analyzes the technical solutions and regulatory requirements of active safety, passive safety, and regulatory standards.

5.1 Active safety technology

ABS+EBD system:

Adopting the Bosch 9.3MP system, the braking distance is reduced by 20% (such as the Bajaj Qute model in India), and the anti lock response time on wet and slippery roads is less than 50ms.

Tire Pressure Monitoring (TPMS):

Real time warning of tire pressure abnormalities (such as VinFast models in Vietnam) through direct sensors (accuracy ± 0.1 bar).

5.2 Passive safety design

Vehicle structure:

Adopting a cage frame (yield strength 400MPa), the energy absorption efficiency during collision is increased by 30% (such as the Indian Kinetic Green model).

Safety air bag:

Equipped with driver knee airbags (deployment time<30ms), reducing frontal collision injuries by 40% (such as Thai Tuk Tuk modified models).

5.3 Regulations and Standards

Indian AIS 156 standard:

Require the vehicle to pass a 40km/h frontal collision test, with a driver's living space greater than 500mm and no battery pack leakage/fire.

EU UN R100 certification:

For electric systems, it is required that the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) meets the CISPR 25 standard and the radiated interference is less than -90dB μ V.

5.4 Operational Supervision Technology

Electronic fence:

By using GPS and geofencing algorithms, the operating area of vehicles is restricted (such as a speed limit of 15km/h on campus), and the accuracy of violation alarms is greater than 98%.

Fatigue driving monitoring:

Using a DMS camera (infrared+visible light dual-mode), a warning is triggered when the driver closes their eyes for more than 3 seconds (such as the Indian OLA model).

5.5 Insurance and Liability Determination

UBI car insurance:

Based on the pricing of pay as you drive and pay how you drive, the accident rate can be reduced by 25% (such as the Acko Insurance cooperation project in India).

Black box data:

Record the vehicle speed, acceleration, and steering angle data 5 seconds before the collision to assist in liability determination (as required by Singapore LTA).

conclusion

Security technology needs to shift from "passive protection" to "active warning". Through active safety systems, regulatory compliance, and operational supervision, vehicle safety and industry standardization can be significantly improved.